subnetting cheatsheet

dit document beschrijft hoe subnetting in mekaar zit

IPv4 addresses are 32-bit numbers divided into 4 octets:

192.168.10.5
| 8 bits | 8 bits | 8 bits | 8 bits |

A subnet mask tells which part is network and which part is host.

Example:

255.255.255.0  → /24

Example:

/26 = 255.255.255.192
= 11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000

* /26 has 2 bits for subnet (since default /24 + 2)

2^subnet_bits
= 2^2 = 4 subnets

2^(host_bits) - 2
= 2^6 - 2 = 62 hosts

If you know the subnet mask, the increment is the value of the last 1 bit in the mask.

Example: /26 mask = 255.255.255.192

Binary: 11000000
Increment = 64

So subnets:

0, 64, 128, 192

* Network address: all host bits = 0 * Broadcast address: all host bits = 1 * Cannot use network or broadcast addresses for hosts

Given: 192.168.1.0 /26 Find subnets and ranges

Subnets (increment 64):

192.168.1.0   → hosts .1 to .62  → broadcast .63
192.168.1.64  → hosts .65 to .126 → broadcast .127
192.168.1.128 → hosts .129 to .190 → broadcast .191
192.168.1.192 → hosts .193 to .254 → broadcast .255

“Network, Subnet, Host” Think of it as:

* Network = fixed * Subnet = variable * Host = variable

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